Page 21 – DC Chopper (Introduction)
1️⃣ What is a DC Chopper?
A DC Chopper is a DC to DC converter that converts fixed DC input voltage into a variable DC output voltage.
✔ Also called DC equivalent of Transformer
✔ Operates using high frequency switching devices (IGBT, MOSFET, SCR)
2️⃣ Basic Principle
Chopper works by rapidly turning ON and OFF the switch.
Output voltage depends on Duty Cycle (D)
Duty Cycle (D) = TON / T
Vo(avg) = D × Vin
3️⃣ Why Chopper is Needed?
- ✔ Efficient DC voltage control
- ✔ Less power loss compared to rheostat
- ✔ Used in battery powered systems
- ✔ Electric vehicles
- ✔ DC motor speed control
4️⃣ Types of Choppers
- Step-Down Chopper (Buck)
- Step-Up Chopper (Boost)
- Type A, B, C, D, E (Based on quadrant operation)
GATE Important Points
- Duty cycle formula
- Average output voltage derivation
- Current ripple concept
- Continuous & Discontinuous conduction
- Quadrant classification
Very Important: Chopper is high efficiency DC voltage controller.
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