Saturday, 7 March 2026

GATE Electrical Engineering

Analog Electronics – Complete Formula Sheet

This page provides important formulas for quick revision from the entire Analog Electronics syllabus.

1. Diode Equations

Diode Current Equation

I = Is (e^(V/ηVT) − 1)

Thermal Voltage

VT = kT/q ≈ 25 mV

2. Rectifier Formulas

Half Wave Rectifier

Vdc = Vm / π

Efficiency = 40.6%

Ripple Factor = 1.21

Full Wave Rectifier

Vdc = 2Vm / π

Efficiency = 81.2%

Ripple Factor = 0.482

3. BJT Transistor Formulas

Ic = β Ib

β = α / (1 − α)

α = β / (1 + β)

gm = Ic / VT

re = VT / Ic

4. CE Amplifier Gain

Av = −Rc / re

5. h-Parameter Gain

Av = − (hfe RL / hie)

6. Differential Amplifier

Vd = V1 − V2

Vc = (V1 + V2)/2

CMRR = Ad / Ac

CMRR(dB) = 20 log (Ad/Ac)

7. Op-Amp Gains

Inverting Amplifier

Av = −Rf / Rin

Non-Inverting Amplifier

Av = 1 + (Rf / R1)

Voltage Follower

Av = 1

8. Integrator

Vo = − (1/RC) ∫ Vin dt

9. Differentiator

Vo = − RC (dVin/dt)

10. Filters

fc = 1 / (2πRC)

First Order Slope = −20 dB/decade

Second Order Slope = −40 dB/decade

11. Oscillators

RC Phase Shift Oscillator

f = 1 / (2πRC√6)

Wien Bridge Oscillator

f = 1 / (2πRC)

Barkhausen Criterion

Loop Gain = 1 Phase Shift = 360°

Shaktimatha 369 Technologies

Labels